Kualiti hidup dan harapan masa depan ibu tunggal melayu muslim di Pantai Timur Malaysia

This study seeks to analyze the quality of life of single Malay Muslim mothers in East Coast Malaysia. Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 500 single Malay Muslim mothers residing in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang were selected. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data. Major data for the quantitative analysis are derived from face-to-face interviews. Data of this study demonstrate that the average age of the respondents is 44.5 years old. Most of them become single mothers because of the death of their spouses, and only completed their education at primary school level. On a whole the study reveals that the level of quality of life of most of the single mothers is quite high. The study concludes that although these single mothers are facing various problems in daily life, but these problems do not affect their quality of life

Development of System Rice Intensification (SRI) paddy transplanter

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practices have been developed in order to increase the production and quality of rice. Based on SRI practices the rice seedlings are transplanted at the young ages, 15 days old with just 2 leaves and carefully planting of just one seedling per hill and space the hills optimally widely in a square pattern of 25×25 cm for better usage of water, sunlight, minerals, space, nutrient, weeding and pest management within shallow depth (1-2 cm) in the moist soil condition. The existing method of mechanical transplanting of paddy which planted between 5 and 8 seedlings per stand is claimed to be inefficient to produce higher yield. From the survey that was carried out, most farmers are looking forward to single-planting translators as it is impossible to do it manually. Modifications have to be carried out on the planting claw (kuku kambing) so that it will only catch one seedling at a time, redesign the seedling tray to allow the SRI transplanter to catch one seedling at a time and determine the best soil condition suitable for the SRI practices. No doubt that the new develop transplanter for SRI will be the future machines for the farmers in Malaysia. Evidence have shown that the SRI practices in paddy cultivation has resulted in the increase in yield as well as superior quality paddy because of its shorter crop cycle, less need for seeds and fertilizer, less chaffy grain because of higher percentage grain filling, little or no lodging from wind or rain and higher head rice recovery rate, so more milled rice from a given amount of paddy and reduced labour demand while boosting productivity. The most important factors that influence the performance are soil moisture content, system of raising seedlings in nursery, degree of land labelling and finally the size of planting claw

Mengenali warga tua desa di Malaysia: Profil sosial dan pengaturan tempat kediaman

Worldwide, the elderly populations are increasing very rapidly.In Malaysia, as the size of the elderly population grows, it is more evident that the process of urbanization has become part of the rural lives.The changing family structure of the rural folks has led to many elderly populations in rural areas to be living alone without care and support from their children.The objective of this article is to explore the social and demographic profile, and living arrangement patterns of the elderly populations in the rural areas.To achieve this objective, 214 elderly respondents of 60 years and above in rural Kelantan were selected.Results show that most of the respondents are among the economically-deprived groups in the community.Most of the respondents were dependent on traditional agriculture activities for their livelihood. Urbanization that has taken place in the mukims neighbouring the town centre provided new employment oppurtunities to the elderlies. Many of them are involved in small businesses and as wage-labors. In addition, more elderly populations are living on their own. On the whole, the elderly populations still receive sufficient care and support from their children and they are satisfied with the support

Age at First Marriage of Single Mothers in East Coast, Malaysia

This paper presents the results of a cross-sectional study conducted to explore age at first marriage of single mothers in three states in East Coast of Malaysia, which are Terengganu, Kelantan and Pahang. East Coast is known with high prevalence of single mothers in Malaysia. The high prevalence of divorce in the East Coast of Malaysia makes the area an interesting site for examining the issue of divorce or single mothers in Malaysia. Research findings outside Malaysia show the incidence of single-parent families has increased significantly in recent years, and the majority of the single-parent is single mother. This present article analyzes age at first marriage of single mothers in rural areas in East Coast in Malaysia. More specifically, it analyzes; (1) sociodemographic profiles of single mothers in rural Malaysia; (2), age at first marriage of single mothers; and (3) reasons behind the early age at first marriage among single mothers in rural areas in East Coast in Malaysia. This study is basically employed descriptive research as the main objective of the study is to provide information about some aspects of single mothers in rural Malaysia. Descriptive research is employed if the researcher wants to study or answer questions such as what, and how. Descriptive research is directed at making careful observations and detailed documentation of a phenomenon of interest. To meet these objectives, 500 single mothers in East Coast, Malaysia were selected as respondents. They are selected for the study through a chain referral sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and analyzed descriptively. Results of the study reveal that the youngest age at first marriage of single mothers is 13, while the oldest is 47 years old, with the age at first marriage most commonly found is 18 years old. The incidence of marriage at early age amongst respondent occurred because of they are belong to the generation of the 1950s or earlier where at that time most of the population marry at young age. Min age at first marriage for all respondents is 20 years old, whilst median age at first marriage is also 20 years, which means half of the respondents commenced their marriage at the age of 20 years and below, and another half began their marriage at the age of 20 years and over. It was found that not many single mothers who began their marriage at the age of 30 years and over. Keywords: Family; single parent family; single mother; family chang

Living arrangement of older population in rural Malaysia

One of the most significant demographic changes of the twentieth century is the aging of the world’s population. At the same time industrialization that taking place in developing countries has created a new pattern of family structure, that is nuclear conjugal family that resulting family care for the older persons become problematic. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the living arrangement of the older persons in rural Kelantan, Malaysia. The design in this study was a cambination of the sociological method of face-to-face interviews, and the anthropological method of participant-observation. Results show that nearly half of the respondents still living in the extended family, but the majority of the them feel that they want to choose to be living with their spouse only

Tinjauan bacaan : penghasilan protease melalui kaedah fermentasi mikrob / Nursyuhadah Othman, Darah Ibrahim and Wan Nordini Hasnor Wan Ismail

Enzim adalah suatu protein globul yang dihasilkan oleh sel-sel hidup yang seterusnya akan digunakan untuk memangkinkan tindak balas biokimia yang spesifik. Ciri enzim adalah bersifat spesifik dalam setiap tindak balas yang dimangkinkannya, bertindak pada kadar penukaran yang tinggi dan mempamerkan tindak balasnya pada keadaan fisiologi yang tertentu. Enzim protease merupakan enzim yang memangkinkan penguraian ikatan polipeptida di dalam molekul protein kompleks. Enzim protease, (EC 3.4.21-24), terdapat di dalam mikroorganisma, tumbuhan dan haiwan. Walau bagaimanapun, mikroorganisma adalah sumber yang lebih digemari kerana pertumbuhannya yang cepat, tidak menggunakan ruang yang luas untuk proses pengkulturan dan mudah dimanipulasi secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim-enzim baru yang boleh digunakan untuk pelbagai tujuan. Kaedah pemfermentasian mikroorganisma bagi menghasilkan protease lebih digemari kerana ia dapat mengurangkan kos apabila substrat yang digunakan terdiri daripada sisa pertanian atau sisa domestik. Enzim protease mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan dalam pelbagai industri bagi memudahkan kehidupan kita seharian. Selain itu, kesedaran masyarakat tentang betapa pentingnya menggunakan produkproduk bioteknologi dalam urusan harian berbanding penggunaan bahan sintetik yang boleh mencemarkan alam sekitar dan memerlukan tenaga buruh yang ramai, misalnya dalam pengurusan dan pemprosesan sisa, telah meningkatkan lagi permintaan terhadap penghasilan enzim proteas

Peranan wanita dalam pembangunan keluarga dari perspektif Fi Zilal al-Quran

Women play a vital role in human society towards the formation and development of Muslim families.This reality could be seen since the emergence of early Islamic era. Significant roles amongst the wives of the Prophet (pbuh) and his companions in supporting the propagation of Islam (Islamic Dawah) have led to the formation of the early Islamic State in Medina.This article intends to highlight the status and the role of women in the context of the Muslim contemporary society by referring to the views of Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) in his Fi Zilal al-Quran.The women’s status during the early Muslim generation and their roles and challenges, as well as the contributions of women to the development of Muslim family and societ, as reflected in Fi Zilal al-Quran, will also be discussed

Modelling and control strategies for hydrokinetic energy harnessing

The high prices and depletion of conventional energy resources and the environmental concern due to the high emission of CO2 gases have encouraged many researchers worldwide to explore a new field in renewable energy resources. The hydrokinetic energy harnessing in the river is one of the potential energies to ensure the continuity of clean, reliable, and sustainable energy for the future generation. The conventional hydropower required a special head, lots of coverage area, and some environmental issues. Conversely, the hydrokinetic system based on free stream flowing is one of the best options to provide the decentralised energy for rural and small-scale energy production. Lately, the effort of energy harnessing based on hydrokinetic technology is emerging significantly. Nevertheless, several challenges and issues need to be considered, such as turbine selection for energy conversion, generalised turbine model and control strategies for the grid and non-grid connection. To date, no detailed information on which turbines and turbine model are most suited to be implemented that match Malaysia’s river characteristics. Besides, a large oscillation has occurred on the output current and power during dynamic steady state due to the water variation and fluctuation in the river. Hence, reducing the energy extraction and controller efficiency for stand-alone and grid-connected systems, respectively. Therefore, the study aims to analyse the different turbine's design, proposed the turbine model, and propose the potential control strategies for stand-alone and grid-connected hydrokinetic energy harnessing in the river. In this work, three types of vertical axis turbines, including the H-Darrieus, Darrieus, and Gorlov with twelve different NACA and NREL hydrofoils, were analysed using the QBlade and MATLAB software, respectively. The effect of symmetrical and non-symmetrical geometry profiles, hydrofoils thicknesses, and turbine solidities have been compared to choose one of the best option turbines based on the highest power coefficient (CP) and a torque coefficient (CM), respectively. Subsequently, the turbine power model generalised equation has been proposed to represent the hydrokinetic turbine characteristic using a polynomial estimation equation. On the other hand, the MPPT control strategy is employed for the off-grid system using the sensorless method. The circuit topology based on an uncontrolled rectifier with the DC boost converter is implemented to regulate the rectifier output voltage through duty ratio. Subsequently, the metaheuristic method based on the combination of the Hill-Climbing Search (HCS) MPPT algorithm and the Fuzzy Logic Controller has been proposed to produce a variable step size compared to the fixed step size in conventional HCS algorithm. On the contrary, the dynamic model of the grid-connected hydrokinetic system has been linearised for small-signal stability analysis. The eigenvalues analysis-based approached has been applied to evaluate the system stability due to the small disturbance. The PI controller with the eigenvalues tracing method has been proposed to improve the system stability by reducing the oscillation frequency. The research outcomes indicated that the H-Darrieus with NACA 0018 was the best turbine for energy conversion in the river. Besides, the HCS-Fuzzy MPPT algorithm improved the energy extraction up to 88.30 % as well as reduced 74.47 % the oscillation compared to the SS-HCS MPPT. The stability of grid-connected hydrokinetic energy harnessing was improved up to 63.63 % by removing the oscillation frequency at states of λ8,9,10,11 as well as reducing 40.1 % oscillation of the generator stator current at the rotor side controller (RSC)

Effect of mentorship program on mentees' psychosocial development

The study investigates the role of mentorship in enhancing mentees' psychosocial development. It utilized self-administered questionnaires completed by undergraduate military students at a public higher learning institution in Malaysia. The outcomes of SmartPLS path model analysis revealed two important findings: firstly, communication insignificantly correlated with psychosocial development. Secondly, support significantly correlated with psychosocial development. The results confirm that communication does not act as an important determinant of mentees’ psychosocial development. However, support does act as an important psychosocial development in the studied organization. This paper also provides discussion, implications and conclusion

Developmental pressure and nutrient concentrations of Sungai Petani catchment, Kedah

Developmental pressure is encroaching many small towns and cities in Malaysia. The wave of development has caused small towns like Sungai Petani Town and its surrounding catchment area to be affected by the changing land uses due to developmental pressure in the catchment area. This paper examined the temporal patterns of nutrient concentrations longitudinally along the Sungai Petani River from March 2012 to December 2013 due to the unequal distribution of ‘green’ areas with respect to the ‘grey’ areas. Four stations were chosen longitudinally from upper Sungai Petani River downstream towards Sungai Petani Town and were monitored from upstream part of Sungai Petani Town which is the least affected station, through Sungai Petani Town and towards the downstream station below the Sungai Petani Town. Water sampling at all stations were performed through grab sampling technique at depths of about 0.5 m. Water samples were analysed only for dissolved forms of nitrate (NO3), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate (P04) and total phosphorus (TP).The samples were analysed using standard procedure by Adams (1989) and APHA (1998). Most of the nutrient concentrations increased from upper station to the second station situated in the Sungai Petani Town. Nitrate increases by 6 per cent and 15 per cent in 2012 and 2013 respectively, ammonia increases by 11 per cent and 35 per cent respectively, TN by 16 per cent and 22 per cent respectively, TP by 45 per cent and 44 per cent respectively, and PO4 by 13 per cent and 90 per cent respectively. On the other hand, the concentration decreases from second to the last station at the outlet downstream of the town. Nitrate decreases by 16 per cent and 27 per cent in 2012 and 2013 respectively, ammonia increases by 28 per cent and 44 per cent respectively. TN by 34 per cent and 41 per cent respectively, TP 16 per cent and 28 per cent respectively, and PO4 increases another 2.4 per cent in 2012 but decline by 42 per cent in 2013. The effect of urbanisation and development is clearly the main cause of the deteriorating water environment as shown by the increasing nutrient concentration along the Sungai Petani River where most of the parameters are above the permissible threshold limit